The capital is Doha, home to over 80% of the nation's population. Qatar has been ruled as a hereditary monarchy by the House of Thani since Mohammed bin Thani signed a treaty with the British in 1868 that recognised its separate status. Following Ottoman rule, Qatar became a British protectorate in the early 20th century until gaining independence in 1971.
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Economy: It's one of the richest in the world based on GDP per capita. The country's economy has grown despite sanctions by its neighbors, Saudi Arabia and the UAE. Petroleum and natural gas are the cornerstones of Qatar's economy and account for more than 70% of total government revenue, more than 60% of gross domestic product, and roughly 85% of export earnings. It has the world's third largest proven natural gas reserve and is the second-largest exporter of natural gas.
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